Elasticsearch 常用操作

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记录 Elasticsearch 常用的操作，如索引、查询、分词及调试等等相关的操作。

运维相关

查看集群健康状态

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GET _cat/health?v

epoch      timestamp cluster          status node.total node.data shards pri relo init unassign pending_tasks max_task_wait_time active_shards_percent
1644228538 10:08:58  my-elasticsearch yellow          1         1     20  20    0    0        6             0                  -                 76.9%

说明：v 是表示结果中返回表头

查看集群结点

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GET _cat/nodes?v

ip         heap.percent ram.percent cpu load_1m load_5m load_15m node.role   master name
172.19.0.2           50          98   2    0.04    0.03     0.05 cdfhilmrstw *      node-1

查看所有索引

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GET _cat/indices?v

health status index                           uuid                   pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
yellow open   sports                          DZ0tM97mQKeibg9-vCLZgA   1   1         22            0     10.3kb         10.3kb
yellow open   catalog                         su6kerZsTP6stMBEPpb8-A   1   1          1            0        6kb            6kb
green  open   .apm-agent-configuration        t0UuBydGRF6YdD9lSb5u5w   1   0          0            0       208b           208b

文档操作

创建一个文档

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POST twitter/_doc/1
{
  "user": "GB",
  "uid": 1,
  "city": "Shenzhen",
  "province": "Guangdong",
  "country": "China"
}

修改一个文档

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PUT twitter/_create/1
{
  "user": "GB",
  "uid": 1,
  "city": "Shenzhen",
  "province": "Guangdong",
  "country": "China"
}

部分更新一个文档（更新部分字段）

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POST twitter/_update/1
{
  "doc": {
    "city": "成都",
    "province": "四川"
  }
}

插入或更新操作

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POST /catalog/_update/3
{
     "doc": {
       "author": "Albert Paro",
       "title": "Elasticsearch 5.0 Cookbook",
       "description": "Elasticsearch 5.0 Cookbook Third Edition",
       "price": "54.99"
      },
     "doc_as_upsert": true
}

使用 doc_as_upsert 合并到 ID 为 3 的文档中，或者如果不存在则插入一个新文档。

检查一个文档是否存在

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HEAD twitter/_doc/1

删除一个文档

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DELETE twitter/_doc/1

查询删除（删除满足查询的 doc）

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POST twitter/_delete_by_query
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "city": "上海"
    }
  }
}

索引

检查一个索引是否存在

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HEAD twitter

删除一个索引

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DELETE twitter

查询 settings

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GET twitter/_settings

修改 settings

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PUT twitter
{
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 1,
    "number_of_replicas": 1
  }
}

查询 mapping

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GET twitter/_mapping

修改 mapping

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DELETE twitter

PUT twitter/_mapping
{
  "properties": {
    "address": {
      "type": "text",
      "fields": {
        "keyword": {
          "type": "keyword",
          "ignore_above": 256
        }
      }
    },
    "age": {
      "type": "long"
    },
    "city": {
      "type": "text",
      "fields": {
        "keyword": {
          "type": "keyword",
          "ignore_above": 256
        }
      }
    },
    "country": {
      "type": "text",
      "fields": {
        "keyword": {
          "type": "keyword",
          "ignore_above": 256
        }
      }
    },
    "location": {
      "type": "geo_point"
    },
    "message": {
      "type": "text",
      "fields": {
        "keyword": {
          "type": "keyword",
          "ignore_above": 256
        }
      }
    },
    "province": {
      "type": "text",
      "fields": {
        "keyword": {
          "type": "keyword",
          "ignore_above": 256
        }
      }
    },
    "uid": {
      "type": "long"
    },
    "user": {
      "type": "text",
      "fields": {
        "keyword": {
          "type": "keyword",
          "ignore_above": 256
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

批量添加 doc

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POST _bulk
{ "index" : { "_index" : "twitter", "_id": 1} }
{"user":"双榆树-张三","message":"今儿天气不错啊，出去转转去","uid":2,"age":20,"city":"北京","province":"北京","country":"中国","address":"中国北京市海淀区","location":{"lat":"39.970718","lon":"116.325747"}}
{ "index" : { "_index" : "twitter", "_id": 2 }}
{"user":"东城区-老刘","message":"出发，下一站云南！","uid":3,"age":30,"city":"北京","province":"北京","country":"中国","address":"中国北京市东城区台基厂三条3号","location":{"lat":"39.904313","lon":"116.412754"}}

查询

查询所有文档

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POST twitter/_search

查询行数

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GET twitter/_count

指定分页

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GET twitter/_search?size=2&from=2

指定分页

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GET twitter/_search?size=2&from=2

# 第二种方式
GET twitter/_search
{
  "size": 2,
  "from": 2, 
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

带条件查询数量

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GET twitter/_count
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "city": "北京"
    }
  }
}

查询字段是否可以被聚合/搜索所有的文档

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GET twitter/_field_caps?fields=country

分词

查看分词结果（使用标准分词器进行分词）

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GET twitter/_analyze
{
  "text": [
    "Happy Birthday"
  ],
  "analyzer": "standard"
}

# 结果
{
  "tokens" : [
    {
      "token" : "happy",
      "start_offset" : 0,
      "end_offset" : 5,
      "type" : "<ALPHANUM>",
      "position" : 0
    },
    {
      "token" : "birthday",
      "start_offset" : 6,
      "end_offset" : 14,
      "type" : "<ALPHANUM>",
      "position" : 1
    }
  ]
}

对 Happy Birthday 使用 standard 分词器进行分词

调试

打开Profile 调试工具

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GET twitter/_search
{
  "profile": "true", 
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "city": "北京"
    }
  }
}

添加"profile": "true"属性。


参考：

1.开始使用 Elasticsearch （1）

2.开始使用 Elasticsearch （2）